The mean (±SD) value of each measurement is shown. The experiment displayed in Panel A was performed in triplicate, and the experiment displayed in Panel B was performed in duplicate. Panel B shows the concentration of a Glia-α9 T-cell epitope as measured with an antibody-based assay. 1 Panel A shows stimulation of a Glia-α2/9 epitope–specific T-cell clone. To make possible the detection of T cells, the digests were treated with tissue transglutaminase before testing. Pepsin and trypsin digests of wheat, barley, rye, triticale, oats, maize, rice, and tef (14 varieties) were analyzed for the presence of an immunodominant α-gliadin–derived T-cell–stimulatory peptide. Analyses Showing an Absence of Gluten-Derived T-Cell Epitopes in Tef. Tef flour can substitute for wheat flour in almost all applications, and the nutritional value of tef is similar to that of wheat ( Since tef is only distantly related phylogenetically to wheat, barley, and rye, we have investigated the potential safety of tef for consumption by patients with celiac disease. Tef ( Eragrostis tef) is a cereal traditionally grown in Ethiopia and used to make injera, or flat bread. 4 A cereal lacking T-cell–stimulatory peptides would thus be of great value to patients with celiac disease. Although consumption of oats is generally considered safe for patients with celiac disease, 2 recent studies indicate that the grain does contain T-cell–stimulatory epitopes 1,3 and that symptoms of celiac disease develop in some patients after the consumption of oats. 1 The only cure for the disease is a lifelong gluten-free diet. The most trusted, influential source of new medical knowledge and clinical best practices in the world.Ĭeliac disease is caused by aberrant T-cell responses to wheat gluten and the gluten-like proteins in barley and rye. ![]() Information and tools for librarians about site license offerings. Valuable tools for building a rewarding career in health care. The authorized source of trusted medical research and education for the Chinese-language medical community. The most advanced way to teach, practice, and assess clinical reasoning skills. Information, resources, and support needed to approach rotations - and life as a resident. The most effective and engaging way for clinicians to learn, improve their practice, and prepare for board exams. ![]() NEW! Peer-reviewed journal featuring in-depth articles to accelerate the transformation of health care delivery.Ĭoncise summaries and expert physician commentary that busy clinicians need to enhance patient care. In summary, TEFview is a straightforward and efficient software solution for viewing, listening to and printing TablEdit tablature files with the help of your computer.īesides this, TEFview stands out by enabling you to play the songs or sections of songs in loops and to choose the relative speed, to switch the scale to notes and to change the view between multiple instruments.NEW! A digital journal for innovative original research and fresh, bold ideas in clinical trial design and clinical decision-making. Packs the right amount of features expected from a tablature viewer Simplicity is also the word that comes to mind when referring to how TEFview works, as you only need to download the TablEdit file from the web, usually unzip it and open it using TEFview. What's more, the application is capable of opening PowerTab, Guitar Pro, and Music XML files. Moreover, you can only use TEFview to play loop sections of songs and even entire tracks, with the relative speed left entirely at your choosing, which makes it a great learning method for beginners.Īs mentioned before, the utility also makes it possible for you to print the song's tablature so you can take it with you to your concerts or gigs. Intuitive TablEdit tablature viewer and printer For other, more advanced, features you just need to browse the Display and Play menus. ![]() The application comes with a clear-cut and minimalist user-interface, with a top toolbar that makes it easy for you to open TablEdit files, print or play them with just a few mouse clicks. The application's set of features is so straightforward and so simple that you can start working with it right after its uneventful and relatively quick installation process. Therefore, TEFview does not only help you view TablEdit tablature files, but also manage and print them as well. Comes with a minimalist, yet efficient user-interface TEFview is a lightweight and very easy to understand piece of software on which you can rely for viewing tablature files created with TablEdit, an app designed for generating and editing such files.
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